Vietnam-End


 * **NIXON AND VIETNAM**

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 * Nixon's Vietnam policy - [|Vietnamization] - the policy for winding down the war**
 * troops were withdrawn, training and equipment was given to South Vietnamese, by 1972, only 24,200 troops remained
 * The Viet Cong continued to be supplied through the [|The Ho Chi Minh Trail]
 * However, bombing raids increased, hurting the supply lines of North Vietnam - the bombing expanded to other countries - Laos and Cambodia
 * U.S. ground forces invaded Cambodia in spring 1970 – this led to more opposition
 * May 4, 1970 -[|Kent State University] [| Shootings]

Peace **talks -1972 - between Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho**

In July, word leaked that Henry Kissinger had been meeting privately in Paris with the North Vietnamese Foreign Secretary
 * in October, only days before the election, Kissinger announced that "[|Peace is at Hand]"
 * several weeks later, after the election, talks broke down again
 * January 27, 1973 - agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam
 * U.S. troops leave Vietnam, POW's released, cease-fire between the North and South || [[image:turningpoints/nixonvietnam.jpg align="center"]] ||


 * [[image:turningpoints/usnp003.jpg]] || = [|THE FALL OF SAIGON] =

North Vietnam military attacks, Saigon falls Vietnam is reunited under Communism ||


 * The Legacy of Vietnam**


 * In Southeast Asia:**
 * 1.5 million Vietnamese deaths
 * countless Vietnamese civilians wounded, homeless
 * Agrarian society in shambles
 * Southeast Asia left highly unstable
 * Cambodia fell to communism after terror


 * In America: America Copes**
 * 58,000 Americans killed
 * 365,000 wounded
 * 150 billion in direct costs
 * U.S. attempts to come to grips with a "loss" - blow to self-esteem
 * Changes in US Policy


 * Several major U.S. changes as a result of the conflict**
 * government abolished the draft, which had stirred up so much of the antiwar sentiment
 * [|War Powers Act]- curb the power of the President for making war - US forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war - the troops may only stay there 90 days unless Congress approves of the action and/or declares war
 * altered American Foreign - risks are considered, because no one wants another Vietnam
 * overall cynicism in Americans about their government and their political leaders -

The **Disillusionment** of those who served
 * Veterans **extended a cold hand**
 * **some veterans suffered from** stress
 * many citizens embittered toward government
 * entire generation of Americans was affected


 * [[image:http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/113970000/113976356.JPG]] || **WHAT IS THE LEGACY OF VIETNAM? WHAT DO YOU THINK?**


 * US didn't win
 * Prisoners of War
 * Events on the home-front and in Vietnam
 * Vietnam Memorial
 * Time magazine remembers Vietnam 10, 15, 25... years later
 * Welcome home some POW, but not all
 * Vietnam became Communist ||